Temporal trend in venous thromboembolism hospitalization rates in Brazilian older adults, 2010-2020.

Aging is one of the main risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Changes in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for this condition in recent years require an analysis of its rates in health services. The objective of this study was to analyze a temporal trend of hospitalizations for VTE in Brazilian older adults. This ecological time series study used data from the Hospital Information System (HIS) on VTE hospitalizations from 2010 to 2020, selecting admissions with the main diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) (I.26.0, I.26.9) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (I.80.0, I80.1, I80.2, I80.3, I80.8, I80.9). Hospitalization rates were calculated for each year and the Prais-Winsten. In Brazil, the trend of hospitalizations for VTE decreased, with an annual percentage change of - 40.71 (confidence interval [CI] - 50.46; - 29.04). DVT decreased, with an annual percentage change of - 43.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] - 51.36; - 33.54). All Brazilian regions showed a downward trend in hospitalizations for VTE and DVT, except for the Northeast region, which remained stable. Conversely, the trend of hospitalizations for PTE showed an upward in Brazil, with an annual percentage change of 4.33 (95% CI 1.26; 7.48). An upward trend was observed in hospitalizations for PTE in the Northeast region, and a stationary trend was observed in the other regions. The results showed a downward trend in hospitalization rates for DVT and an upward trend for PTE. The study indicates regional differences in rates and trends.

A nova escola de saúde de Goiás / The new health school in Goiás

A Superintendência da Escola de Saúde de Goiás (SESG) coordena e gere a educação permanente e continuada em saúde, no âmbito do SUS e este e-book tem como objetivo de apresentar a configuração da "Nova Escola de Saúde de Goiás", abrangendo educação permanente em saúde, educação à distância, qualificação dos trabalhadores do SUS para organização e fortalecimento dos processos de trabalho, divulgação científica no estado de Goiás, programa de pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), democratização, solidariedade, metodologias ativas, tecnologias educacionais e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem.

The Superintendence of the School of Health of Goiás (SESG) coordinates and manages permanent and continuous education in health, within the scope of the SUS and this e-book aims to present the configuration of the "New School of Health of Goiás", covering education permanent education in health, distance education, qualification of SUS workers to organize and strengthen work processes, scientific dissemination in the state of Goiás, research program for SUS (PPSUS), democratization, solidarity, active methodologies, educational technologies and strategies of teaching and learning

Trends in pediatric hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive respiratory diseases in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend in hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive respiratory diseases (ACSRD) of children under five years of age in Brazil. DESIGN: Time series study of hospitalization rates using secondary information from the Hospital Information System of the Brazil's Unified Health System. SAMPLE: Hospitalizations of children under five years of age living in Brazilian regions. Hospitalizations were separated according to cause: nose and throat infections, asthma, bacterial pneumonias, and lung diseases. MEASUREMENTS: Rates were calculated for total hospitalizations for ACSRD, and by cause, age group, and region. Trends were analyzed by using means of simple linear regression and were classified into stationary (p ≥ .05), ascending (ß positive and p < .05) or declining (ß negative and p < .05) trends. RESULTS: All regions showed stationary trends in total hospitalization rates for ACSRDs, except in the Southeast, where trends were ascending. Asthma was the only cause that showed a declining trend. Bacterial pneumonias showed stationary trends, while lung diseases and nose and throat infections had predominantly ascending trends. CONCLUSION: Brazil's hospitalization rates for ACSRDs are high. Investigations into primary health care organization and work processes, as well as socioeconomic, cultural, and geographical factors are necessary.

Analysis of the trend of hospitalizations for asthma in children and adolescents in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of hospitalizations for asthma in children and adolescents by region and age group in Brazil, from 2008 to 2017. METHOD: This is a time-series study with secondary data regarding hospitalizations for asthma in children and adolescents, according to age, region, and gender. Descriptive statistics procedures were used with measures of central tendency to calculate the variation between the periods of 2008 and 2017. Rates of hospitalizations were calculated specifically by age group and region. Time trend analysis was performed by simple linear regression, considered as stationary (p>0.05), declining (p<0.05 and negative regression coefficient), or ascending (p<0.05) and positive regression coefficient). RESULTS: The present study identified a higher proportion of hospitalizations for asthma in Brazil in children aged 5-9 years. Regarding gender, there were more hospitalizations in boys. The region that presented the highest proportion of hospitalizations, in all age groups investigated, was the Northeast. As for the trend analysis, this article showed that, in Brazil, there was a trend toward a reduction in hospitalization rates for asthma. CONCLUSION: In Brazil, there was a tendency to reduce hospitalizations for all investigated age groups. The Northeast was the only region that showed a decline in all age groups.

Profile of female deaths by homicide in the city of Goiânia.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the female homicide profile in the city of Goiânia. METHODS: a cross-sectional, descriptive study that characterized female deaths by homicide from 2008 to 2015. They occurred in Goiânia, and registered in the Mortality Information System. Cases of homicide of women aged ≥ 10 years were eligible. Other causes of death were excluded. Descriptive statistical analysis with frequencies. RESULTS: three hundred seventy-six women died from assault, with an increase in the percentage of deaths annually. Most of the victims were young (57.5%), single (78.8%), mixed-ethnicity (61.1%) and with low education (58.4%). The most frequent means of assault was firearm (64.0%). The health districts with the highest record of female deaths due to assault were southwest, center and northwest. CONCLUSIONS: the predominant profile of women victims of femicide was young, mixed-ethnicity, single, with low level of education and living in less favored regions.

Profile of female deaths by homicide in the city of Goiânia / Perfil de homicidio muerte de mujeres en la ciudad de Goiania / Perfil dos óbitos femininos por homicídios no município de Goiânia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the female homicide profile in the city of Goiânia. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study that characterized female deaths by homicide from 2008 to 2015. They occurred in Goiânia, and registered in the Mortality Information System. Cases of homicide of women aged ≥ 10 years were eligible. Other causes of death were excluded. Descriptive statistical analysis with frequencies. Results: three hundred seventy-six women died from assault, with an increase in the percentage of deaths annually. Most of the victims were young (57.5%), single (78.8%), mixed-ethnicity (61.1%) and with low education (58.4%). The most frequent means of assault was firearm (64.0%). The health districts with the highest record of female deaths due to assault were southwest, center and northwest. Conclusions: the predominant profile of women victims of femicide was young, mixed-ethnicity, single, with low level of education and living in less favored regions.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar el perfil de homicidios femeninos en la cuidad de Goiânia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que caracterizó las muertes de mujeres por homicidios de 2008 a 2015, ocurridas en Goiânia, registradas en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Los casos de homicidio de mujeres ≥ 10 años que vivían en Goiânia eran elegibles. Se excluyeron otras causas de muerte. Análisis estadístico descriptivo con frecuencias. Resultados: 376 mujeres murieron por agresión, con un aumento en el porcentaje de muertes anuales. La mayoría de las víctimas eran jóvenes (57.5%), solteras (78.8%), mestizas (61.1%) y con baja educación (58.4%). El medio de agresión más frecuente fue con un arma de fuego (64.0%). Los distritos de salud con el mayor número de muertes de mujeres debido a la agresión fueron Suroeste, Centro y Noroeste, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el perfil predominante de mujeres víctimas de feminicidio era joven, morena, soltera, con bajo nivel educativo y viviendo en regiones menos favorecidas.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o perfil de homicídios femininos no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, que caracterizou os óbitos femininos por homicídios de 2008 a 2015, ocorridos em Goiânia, registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Foram elegíveis casos de homicídios de mulheres com idade ≥ 10 anos que residiam em Goiânia. Foram excluídas as outras causas de morte. Análise estatística descritiva com frequências. Resultados: 376 mulheres morreram por agressão, observando-se um aumento da porcentagem de óbitos anualmente. A maioria das vítimas era jovens (57,5%), solteiras (78,8%), pardas (61,1 %) e de baixa escolaridade (58,4%). O meio de agressão mais frequente foi com arma de fogo (64,0%). Os distritos sanitários com maior registro de óbitos femininos por agressão foram Sudoeste, Centro e Noroeste, respectivamente. Conclusões: o perfil predominante das mulheres vítimas de feminicídio foi jovens, pardas, solteiras, com baixo nível de escolaridade e moradoras de regiões menos favorecidas.

Profile of female deaths by homicide in the city of Goiânia / Perfil de homicidio muerte de mujeres en la ciudad de Goiania / Perfil dos óbitos femininos por homicídios no município de Goiânia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the female homicide profile in the city of Goiânia. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study that characterized female deaths by homicide from 2008 to 2015. They occurred in Goiânia, and registered in the Mortality Information System. Cases of homicide of women aged ≥ 10 years were eligible. Other causes of death were excluded. Descriptive statistical analysis with frequencies. Results: three hundred seventy-six women died from assault, with an increase in the percentage of deaths annually. Most of the victims were young (57.5%), single (78.8%), mixed-ethnicity (61.1%) and with low education (58.4%). The most frequent means of assault was firearm (64.0%). The health districts with the highest record of female deaths due to assault were southwest, center and northwest. Conclusions: the predominant profile of women victims of femicide was young, mixed-ethnicity, single, with low level of education and living in less favored regions.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar el perfil de homicidios femeninos en la cuidad de Goiânia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que caracterizó las muertes de mujeres por homicidios de 2008 a 2015, ocurridas en Goiânia, registradas en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Los casos de homicidio de mujeres ≥ 10 años que vivían en Goiânia eran elegibles. Se excluyeron otras causas de muerte. Análisis estadístico descriptivo con frecuencias. Resultados: 376 mujeres murieron por agresión, con un aumento en el porcentaje de muertes anuales. La mayoría de las víctimas eran jóvenes (57.5%), solteras (78.8%), mestizas (61.1%) y con baja educación (58.4%). El medio de agresión más frecuente fue con un arma de fuego (64.0%). Los distritos de salud con el mayor número de muertes de mujeres debido a la agresión fueron Suroeste, Centro y Noroeste, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el perfil predominante de mujeres víctimas de feminicidio era joven, morena, soltera, con bajo nivel educativo y viviendo en regiones menos favorecidas.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o perfil de homicídios femininos no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, que caracterizou os óbitos femininos por homicídios de 2008 a 2015, ocorridos em Goiânia, registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Foram elegíveis casos de homicídios de mulheres com idade ≥ 10 anos que residiam em Goiânia. Foram excluídas as outras causas de morte. Análise estatística descritiva com frequências. Resultados: 376 mulheres morreram por agressão, observando-se um aumento da porcentagem de óbitos anualmente. A maioria das vítimas era jovens (57,5%), solteiras (78,8%), pardas (61,1 %) e de baixa escolaridade (58,4%). O meio de agressão mais frequente foi com arma de fogo (64,0%). Os distritos sanitários com maior registro de óbitos femininos por agressão foram Sudoeste, Centro e Noroeste, respectivamente. Conclusões: o perfil predominante das mulheres vítimas de feminicídio foi jovens, pardas, solteiras, com baixo nível de escolaridade e moradoras de regiões menos favorecidas.

Saúde do homem: identificação e análise dos fatores relacionados à procura, ou não, dos serviços de atenção primária / Men's health: identification and analysis of factors related to the demand for primary care services

Identificar e analisar os fatores que dificultam a procura dos serviços de Atenção Primária relatados pela população masculina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. As informações foram coletadas por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas para 384 homens com idade entre 18 e 59 anos. Identificou-se a participação majoritária (33,85%) de indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 24 anos. A visão dos entrevistados acerca de sua saúde e gênero foi de que o homem é mais resistente, forte e invulnerável. Os principais motivos impeditivos relacionados a não procura dos serviços de Atenção Primária foram: preferência por se automedicar, falta de tempo, e desconforto dentro da Unidade Básica de Saúde. A entrada dos homens no sistema de saúde, no ano anterior à pesquisa, ocorreu principalmente pela atenção ambulatorial e hospitalar de média e alta complexidade (62,2%). Para a adoção da Atenção Primária como porta de entrada dos homens no Sistema Único de saúde, é preciso mudar a visão de que os serviços de saúde têm como único propósito tratar as doenças. Essa sensibilização deve começar mediante conhecimento sobre as características sociais, econômicas e culturais dos homens que receberão a atenção à saúde, além do preparo da equipe de saúde e gestores, seguido pelo acolhimento e busca ativa dessa população.

This study aims at identifying and analyzing the factors that hinder the demand for Primary Care services reported by the male population. It is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The information was collected through the application of a structured questionnaire with objective and subjective questions, applied to 384 men aged between 18 and 59 years. It could be observed that most participants (33.85%) were aged between 18 and 24 years. The view of the interviewees about their health and gender was that men are more resilient, stronger and invulnerable. The main impediments regarding their not seeking primary care services were: preference for self-medication, lack of time, and discomfort with the Basic Health Unit. The entry of men into the health system in the year prior to the survey occurred mainly by outpatient and hospital care of medium and high complexity (62.2%). For the adoption of Primary Care Service as the entry point for men in the Unified Health System, it is necessary to change the behavior of the male population in relation to their own health. It is necessary to change the view that health services have the sole purpose of treating diseases. This awareness should begin with knowledge about the social, economic and cultural characteristics of men who will receive health care, as well as the preparation of the health team and managers, followed by the reception and active search of that population.

Cuidados de Enfermagem na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso: revisão integrativa / Nursing care in the prevention of venous thromboembolism: an integrative review

Este estudo buscou identificar na literatura científica quais os cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do Tromboembolismo Venoso (TEV) em pacientes hospitalizados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Public/Publish Medline (PUBMED) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Incluíram-se estudos em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados entre 2006-2016, que apresentassem ações de Enfermagem na prevenção do TEV nos pacientes hospitalizados, para a localização dos estudos utilizou-se o cruzamento dos termos "cuidados de enfermagem", "prevenção" e "tromboembolismo venoso". Predominaram os cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do TEV categorizados em "implementação da avaliação do risco de TEV", "intervenções mecânicas e físicas" e "ensino ao paciente sobre TEV". Esses achados podem contribuir para sistematização da assistência de enfermagem pela ampliação e direcionamento das possibilidades de cuidados, além de favorecer autonomia do enfermeiro, subsidiar pesquisas de validação e reforçar a implementação de Enfermagem Vascular como área de especialidade.

This study sought to identify in the scientific literature the nursing care provided for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. It is an integrative review of the literature conducted in the Public/Publish Medline (PUBMED) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The studies included in this review were in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and published between 2006 and 2016. They addressed nursing care in the prevention of VTE in hospitalized patients. The studies were located by cross-referencing the terms "nursing care", "prevention" and "venous thromboembolism. The predominating topics were nursing care in the prevention of VTE, categorized under "implementing VTE risk assessment", "mechanical and physical interventions", and "educating patients on VTE". These findings may contribute to the systematization of nursing care by expanding and directing care possibilities, favoring nurses' autonomy, and supporting research to validate and reinforce vascular nursing as a speciality area.

Hemoterapia e reações transfusionais imediatas: atuação e conhecimento de uma equipe de enfermagem / Hemotherapy and immediate transfusion reactions: action and knowledge of the nursing team / Hematología y reacciones transfusionales inmediatas: desempeño y conocimiento del personal de enfermería

As reações transfusionais imediatas são aquelas que acontecem durante a transfusão ou em até 24 horas após. Essas complicações são situações emergenciais e podem trazer sérios prejuízos aos pacientes, inclusive fatais. Os profissionais de enfermagem exercem um papel fundamental na segurança do paciente e na detecção de sinais e sintomas de reações transfusionais. Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre hemoterapia, reações transfusionais imediatas e cuidados indicados diante desses casos. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta pelos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem que compõem a equipe de enfermagem de um pronto-socorro adulto. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes (62%) informou se sentir preparada para acompanhar o paciente durante a terapia transfusional e 65,38% possuem o costume de acompanhar o paciente durante esse procedimento. Em relação aos sinais e sintomas das reações transfusionais, poucos foram citados. As principais respostas foram: febre (62,07%), seguida de prurido (44,83%) e tremor (37,93%). Pequena parte (28%) soube informar o período em que esses sinais podem surgir. Sobre os cuidados que devem ser tomados diante das reações transfusionais imediatas, a resposta mais citada foi interromper a transfusão (93,10%), seguida de comunicar o médico (86,21%) e comunicar o banco de sangue (48,28%). Conclusão: apesar da confiança dos participantes em realizar tal atividade, os resultados da pesquisa demonstram pouco preparo da equipe. É preciso que o profissional de enfermagem busque mais conhecimento e que as instituições favoreçam esse aprendizado, reconhecendo as fragilidades e as potencialidades de sua equipe.

Immediate transfusion reactions are those that occur during the transfusion or in the first 24 hours after the procedure. These complications are emergent situations and can bring serious harm to patients, including fatal consequences. Nursing professionals play a key role in patient safety and detectionof signs and symptoms of transfusion reactions. Objective: to verify the knowledge of the nursing team about hemotherapy, immediate transfusion reactions and care indicated in these cases. Methodology: this is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of nurses andnursing technicians who make up the nursing team of an adult emergency room. Results: the majority of participants (62%) reported being prepared tofollow up the patient during transfusion therapy and 65.38% had the habit of monitoring the patient during this procedure. Few signs and symptoms oftransfusion reactions were cited. The main responses were: fever (62.07%), followed by pruritus (44.83%) and tremor (37.93%). Few participants (28%) wereable to inform the period in which these signs may arise. Regarding the care that should be adopted in the case of immediate transfusion reactions, themost cited response was to interrupt the transfusion (93.10%), followed by informing the physician (86.21%), and reporting to the blood bank (48.28%).Conclusion: despite the participants' confidence in performing such activity, the research results show little preparation of the team. It is necessary thatthe nursing professionals seek more knowledge and that institutions support this learning, recognizing the weaknesses and potentialities of their teams.

Las reacciones transfusionales ocurren durante la transfusión o dentro de las 24 horas siguientes. Suelen ser emergencias, a veces fatales.Los profesionales de enfermería desempeñan un papel clave en la seguridad del paciente para detectar síntomas y señales de las reacciones transfusionales. Objetivo: Verificar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería sobre la hemoterapia, las reacciones transfusionales inmediatas yla atención indicada en estos casos. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería que integraban el personal de enfermería de un servicio de guardia de emergencias de adultos. Resultados:La mayoría de los participantes (62%) manifestó sentirse preparada para acompañar al paciente durante la terapia transfusional y un 65,38% mencionó que solía acompañar al paciente durante dicho procedimiento. Los principales síntomas y señales de las reacciones transfusionaleseran fiebre (62,07%), prurito (44,83%) y temblores (37,93%). Algunos (28%) supieron informar el período durante el cual pueden surgir los síntomasy las señales. Sobre los cuidados indicados para las reacciones transfusionales inmediatas, la respuesta más citada fue interrumpir la transfusión(93,10%), comunicar el hecho al médico (86,21%) y al banco de sangre (48,28%). Conclusión: A pesar de la confianza de los participantes en el desempeño de sus tareaa, los resultados de la encuesta indican poca capacitación del personal. El profesional de enfermería debería adquirir másconocimiento y las instituciones deberían favorecer tal aprendizaje reconociendo las debilidades y potencialidades de su personal.